Paying attention to the spatial placement of the elements (man-made or natural) based on the LANDSCAPE pattern and ecological processes inurban DESIGN would have a considerable impact on both human and the nature. In a way that the discords in the placement of patchs inrespect to each other, or in respect to visual corridors and urban matrixes lead to the unwanted results in the cities. The effect of suchdiscords can be seen in continental changes, loss of energy (increase in the consumption of fossil energies), etc. Aim of this study is toDESIGN a city based on the recognition of relationships between the patches and corridors and natural/ artificial matrixes; also, introductionand the DESIGN method based on the fundamental urban LANDSCAPE guidelines which is done with a qualitative approach in the form oflibrary research and identification of the situation, size and other elements of patches, corridors and matrixes by using aerial-photos andGIS maps. Based on this, the research compilation process is in a way that first discusses the importance of this subject and the DESIGNmethods in this study and different suggested methods in the field of ecological urban LANDSCAPE DESIGN and explores Iranian and worldwideexperimentations on the subject by presenting new solutions like the placement of the artificial and natural patch and corridors, matrixes, e. g, DESIGNing beach parks across the rivers to protect and maintain the natural corridor, preservation of green patches as the urban-parks, etc. The author hopes that presented solutions of this research in the field of DESIGN, would help to solve the mentioned issues and problemsregardless of its minor delineation.

What do students of architecture rely on as their DESIGN strategy? What areas of knowledge serve as ‘primary generators’ of main concepts in the DESIGN process? To investigate this problem, two groups of students were selected from two different universities: Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin. Both groups DESIGNed the same project as their first course on LANDSCAPE DESIGN. Two years after this course, a survey was conducted in both groups. As a dependent factor indicating primary generators, students were asked about the importance of certain aspects such as ecologic, aesthetic, cultural and economic values, etc. The students were also asked to submit their initial concepts and mention priority topics for the course. The results show that ‘scale’ and ‘ecological factors’ are more important for students as primary generators. It is further demonstrated that the three training priority topics are: (i) basic concepts and LANDSCAPE ecology; (ii) social and cultural concepts; and (iii) aesthetic principles.

The problems of rapid civilizations, ignorance of urban open spaces & urban sprawls especially in Europe and North American cities, cause the new approach "LANDSCAPE Urbanism" in recent decades. Besides, interaction and overlaps between LANDSCAPE architecture and urban DESIGN and ignorance of them to the LANDSCAPE and open space as a main infrastructure of the city has been increased the need for this approach. In the traditional approaches, architecture always considered as a main element of city building. However, with the growing importance of LANDSCAPE urbanism, this emphasize as been changed.The main goal of this article is to understand LANDSCAPE urbanism as a new approach emergent according to the interaction of LANDSCAPE architecture and urban DESIGN. The result of this article shows that LANDSCAPE urbanism as a new trend owns its fundamentals and goals from LANDSCAPE architecture and urban DESIGN. This approach has an interdisciplinary nature. In this trend, LANDSCAPE and open space as main elements of the city building are the core emphasizes. The survey of academic conditions shows that a few universities establish independent educational programs of LANDSCAPE urbanism. Teaching the courses of this discipline is done in the middle of the related programs syllabuses.

The LANDSCAPE Architecture program in the educational and research system of Iran is no more than two decades old. As a professional discipline, its theoretical and practical grounds need to be developed to assist in training professionals and localization purposes. Also, training for DESIGN, as the core of the pedagogy and practice in LANDSCAPE architecture, requires the broadening of concepts, procedures, and professional tools. Results of a comparative study of the course description of DESIGN Studio I in the Master of LANDSCAPE Architecture program in Iran and that of top-ranked universities all around the world imply that Iranian LANDSCAPE DESIGN programs have a less research-based curriculum. This study seeks to present a theoretical framework for the educational content of LANDSCAPE DESIGN studios with a causal approach to the current courses provided in Iran-with an emphasis on LANDSCAPE DESIGN Studio I. The survey consists of comparison of the course descriptions of LANDSCAPE DESIGN Studio I in Iranian universities with those of top universities of other countries using random sampling. Also, semi-structural interviews were held with nine tutors of LANDSCAPE DESIGN studios using the contextual survey method. Content analyses of responses demonstrate two general points of view of Iranian tutors: 1. environmental and natural values; and 2. aesthetic and architectural values of open space DESIGN. Therefore, educational contents and approaches must be more elaborated by detailed descriptions. After discussions, the proposed framework for the LANDSCAPE DESIGN Studio I course description is introduced.

Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the LANDSCAPE quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road DESIGN and the need to pay attention to the category of DESIGN ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the quality of travel, human life, the survival of plants and animals, should be given more attention. Ethical DESIGN guarantees the flow of life on the road. This view of the road strengthens the mental dimensions of the road that is the subject of LANDSCAPE science. LANDSCAPE as an integrated system, emphasizes the need to simultaneously pay attention to the quality of human life on the road, the preservation of plant and animal life. Finally, the ethical view of road LANDSCAPE science, according to all three categories, passenger mentality, conservation of plant and animal life is effective in improving the quality of roads. Ethical LANDSCAPE DESIGN is not just about eliminating modern technology. Nor does it confirm the dominance of technology over nature,it seeks to strike a balance between human life, plants and animals with its holistic vision. The LANDSCAPE is revitalizing. It has a sustainable approach. Man is inherently inclined to nature,LANDSCAPE approach in dealing with the road phenomenon, certainly emphasizing the mentality of travelers, guarantees the survival of natural cycles, respect for the environment and efforts to preserve it.

Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the LANDSCAPE quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road DESIGN and the need to pay attention to the category of DESIGN ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the quality of travel, human life, the survival of plants and animals, should be given more attention. Ethical DESIGN guarantees the flow of life on the road. This view of the road strengthens the mental dimensions of the road that is the subject of LANDSCAPE science. LANDSCAPE as an integrated system, emphasizes the need to simultaneously pay attention to the quality of human life on the road, the preservation of plant and animal life. Finally, the ethical view of road LANDSCAPE science, according to all three categories, passenger mentality, conservation of plant and animal life is effective in improving the quality of roads. Ethical LANDSCAPE DESIGN is not just about eliminating modern technology. Nor does it confirm the dominance of technology over nature,it seeks to strike a balance between human life, plants and animals with its holistic vision. The LANDSCAPE is revitalizing. It has a sustainable approach. Man is inherently inclined to nature,LANDSCAPE approach in dealing with the road phenomenon, certainly emphasizing the mentality of travelers, guarantees the survival of natural cycles, respect for the environment and efforts to preserve it.

Problem statement: The word participation was introduced for the first time in European political affairs for the participation of men in voting and decision-making, about two hundred years ago. Subsequently, the use of this word gradually became widespread in other social and environmental dimensions of Europe. From around 1991 until now in Iran, we see an increasing use of this word in various dimensions. Thus, phrases such as political participation, social participation, civil participation, participatory management and LANDSCAPE participation become popular over the last few decades. Despite the frequent use of participation in LANDSCAPE in technical texts, the exact meaning of this term is not specified anywhere, and several texts have considered different meanings for it.Purpose: Given this conceptual multiplicity of participation in LANDSCAPE, as well as the use of multiple and similar phrases for these concepts, the purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of participation in LANDSCAPE DESIGN.Research Methodology: The research method is qualitative and content analysis. At first, the concept of the word “participation” and similar words have been examined in the Iranian texts.Then, in terms of the word “LANDSCAPE”, the experts view has been considered. Finally, the concepts that can be comprehended from the word “participation in LANDSCAPE” are explained from the perspective of domestic writers. Also, the concept of participation in LANDSCAPE DESIGN in English has also been reviewed.Conclusion: Finally, a concept was found for “participation in LANDSCAPE DESIGN” through the studies that in addition to considering the objective and subjective aspects of LANDSCAPE, the concept of participation in LANDSCAPE DESIGN was proposed instead of other similar terms to express this concept.

LANDSCAPE architects use different sources of inspiration for generating DESIGN ideas, among them previous works. Since this is the most frequent method used by DESIGN students, the question posed is how can LANDSCAPE architecture students be guided through the correct ways of mapping from built examples. This paper first reviews the works of scholars on the approaches to generating DESIGN ideas as internal/external sources of inspiration, locating the place of built examples as sources of inspiration.Next, by employing the structure-mapping theoretical framework, various mapping strategies are introduced as structural mapping, superficial mapping, literal mapping, and metaphor. The suggestions of other scholars regarding the guidance through the correct ways of mapping in LANDSCAPE architecture DESIGN education are presented, among them, the selection of a good example, knowledge of and training for correct mapping in students. The results of this research show that promoting LANDSCAPE architecture students in this regard has a difficult track ahead, involving students’ training efforts and educators’ expected awareness.

Functions in LANDSCAPE DESIGN include values in DESIGN and management process to satisfy moral and environmental needs that current attitudes see that as open space DESIGN by natural and man-made elements, while the basic intellectual layers related to human as the principles of environmental DESIGN have been forgotten. Human urban knowledge seeks to meet in health, biological, psychological, social and cultural human needs that LANDSCAPE DESIGN also utilizes each of these cases, according to the plan will be considered. The result is moral LANDSCAPE DESIGN is defined as the given Social and moral values in relationship between human and environment and the psychological functioning along environmental issues and performance are discussed. In this process human and environmental functions according to management priorities must be defined, and then the starting point is determined by the planning, that ethical and environmental values, and the executive would not be affected by technical issues.

Not only do industries cause inconveniences such as sound, water and air pollution in surrounding residential areas, but they also result in serious environmental hazards like industrial wastes and debris, and pollution of water and soils by heavy metals. The aim of this paper is to present the DESIGN principles and tactics of abandoned industrial sites. The subject has found great importance due to rapid urban development, which removes industries from old urban textures and city centers. In recent years the idea of post-industrial LANDSCAPE is an important notion in this regard which can be used to bring life and activities to these sites while maintaining their industrial identity. This research is focused on a part of the industrial zone located in the south of Tehran and aimed to present DESIGN tactics for improving the site. The industries in this area have to be transferred to the industrial towns around the city, according to comprehensive plan of Tehran and other urban approvals. The study shows that focusing on the industrial identity, recovering the site based on plant improving methods and combining the ecological and urban network are the most important principles in restoring the environmental conditions of the site under study and other similar cases.